A geotechnical investigation is one process in which several tests and methods are performed in order to obtain information on rocks and soils physical properties. The methods are done in some particular sites for the design of foundations and the earthworks of proposed structures and of distress repair for structures and for earthworks which are caused by specific conditions. The people conducting the investigations are engineering geologists or geotechnical engineers.
The subsurface information that they need to get must be both accurate and complete because this information is important for projects in civil engineering. The most common cause of failure for structures is due to a misleading and an inadequate data of subsurface. One method that is used for subsurface investigation is auguring. This involves putting down some holes in to a soft sediment. Penetrating greater depths are made through making bore holes.
Percussion drilling. The bit in this method is being suspended from cables or from rods, being jumped up and down as well so that the rocks will be broken. Bits are kept cooled and make slurry through adding water to the hole. The removal of debris is done through using a boiler. Chips are recovered for identification. The pounded rocks will be mixed into water from slurry. The costs and the rates are based on the hardness.
Rotary drilling. The first method involves the rotation of bits and are attached to the rods and where in the pumping of fluid mud occurs. The mud will then be returned into the surface by annular space in between rods and holes. The rods are added successively in the assembly while lowering the holes.
Core drilling. The tabular bits having lower cutting edges will be utilized and are rotated in the holes. The bits are made available in various forms. These are available in diamonds or hard abrasives for penetrating hard rocks. Types which are used very commonly are the diamonds drills and are used for sampling and for exploratory bore.
Core barrels. The aim of structural drilling is to recover an undisturbed core from which measuring the structural features is done. This process can be achieved in either two ways, using a large diameter or a multiple tube core barrel. Geophysical methods. These methods are used for mapping, characterizing, and locating subsurface features through the measurement of surfaces to respond to the electrical, physical, and chemical properties.
Seismic methods. The seismic measurements include on measuring seismic waves which are traveling in the surfaces. Sometimes, some properties like material, stratigraphy, and structure are assessed in these methods. Electrical resistivity. Measuring the electrical resistivity is done by putting 4 electrodes that are in contact to the rock and the soil.
Magnetic. This method is using two primary applications including the location and mapping for buried ferrous materials and also mapping structures in geology. Micro gravity. A survey in micro gravity can provide some change measures on subsurface density. Natural variations in a density include faults, large fractures, dissolution, buried channels, and lateral changes.
Ground penetrating radar or GPR. This utilizes high frequencies of electromagnetic waves for acquiring a subsurface information. The radiation of energy is directed downwards from transmitters and reflected back into the receiving antenna. The reflected signals will be recorded, producing some shallow subsurfaces conditions.
The subsurface information that they need to get must be both accurate and complete because this information is important for projects in civil engineering. The most common cause of failure for structures is due to a misleading and an inadequate data of subsurface. One method that is used for subsurface investigation is auguring. This involves putting down some holes in to a soft sediment. Penetrating greater depths are made through making bore holes.
Percussion drilling. The bit in this method is being suspended from cables or from rods, being jumped up and down as well so that the rocks will be broken. Bits are kept cooled and make slurry through adding water to the hole. The removal of debris is done through using a boiler. Chips are recovered for identification. The pounded rocks will be mixed into water from slurry. The costs and the rates are based on the hardness.
Rotary drilling. The first method involves the rotation of bits and are attached to the rods and where in the pumping of fluid mud occurs. The mud will then be returned into the surface by annular space in between rods and holes. The rods are added successively in the assembly while lowering the holes.
Core drilling. The tabular bits having lower cutting edges will be utilized and are rotated in the holes. The bits are made available in various forms. These are available in diamonds or hard abrasives for penetrating hard rocks. Types which are used very commonly are the diamonds drills and are used for sampling and for exploratory bore.
Core barrels. The aim of structural drilling is to recover an undisturbed core from which measuring the structural features is done. This process can be achieved in either two ways, using a large diameter or a multiple tube core barrel. Geophysical methods. These methods are used for mapping, characterizing, and locating subsurface features through the measurement of surfaces to respond to the electrical, physical, and chemical properties.
Seismic methods. The seismic measurements include on measuring seismic waves which are traveling in the surfaces. Sometimes, some properties like material, stratigraphy, and structure are assessed in these methods. Electrical resistivity. Measuring the electrical resistivity is done by putting 4 electrodes that are in contact to the rock and the soil.
Magnetic. This method is using two primary applications including the location and mapping for buried ferrous materials and also mapping structures in geology. Micro gravity. A survey in micro gravity can provide some change measures on subsurface density. Natural variations in a density include faults, large fractures, dissolution, buried channels, and lateral changes.
Ground penetrating radar or GPR. This utilizes high frequencies of electromagnetic waves for acquiring a subsurface information. The radiation of energy is directed downwards from transmitters and reflected back into the receiving antenna. The reflected signals will be recorded, producing some shallow subsurfaces conditions.
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